Liaoning

Map

Key data

Items shown in Chinese are kept from the original Chinese source; no English name is available yet.

Highlights

Introduction

• Northeastern province with Dalian's coastline and Shenyang's imperial relics.

History

• Liaoning was known as Fengtian in ancient times and has a long history. The Wunü Mountain city is an early capital site of Goguryeo, witnessing the rise and fall of an ancient state in the Northeast. The eastern section of the Ming Great Wall winds through Jiumenkou and into the sea, its formidable passes recalling frontier defense of the past. The Qing dynasty rose in eastern Liaoning, and the Shenyang Imperial Palace, the imperial palace before the Qing entered the pass, carries the historical memory of the Manchu people. In modern times, Liaoning took the lead in developing modern industry thanks to its minerals and port conditions; cities such as Dalian, Anshan, and Shenyang retain a rich industrial cultural heritage and became important bases for national industrial construction.

Culture

• Liaoning's culture blends the customs of many ethnic groups, including Manchu, Korean, and Xibe, and its dialect is mainly Northeastern Mandarin, plain and humorous. Folk arts such as Manchu paper-cutting and errenzhuan are widely popular, with errenzhuan especially loved as entertainment by both urban and rural people. Northeastern dishes like Laobian dumplings, guobaorou, and chicken stewed with mushrooms are rich in flavor, and Dalian seafood is famous far and wide. The Shenyang Imperial Palace, the ancient temple complex of Qianshan, and Manchu folk villages together form a rich cultural heritage, vividly displaying the unique charm of the black soil land.

Science & Technology

• Liaoning boasts strong scientific and educational resources, home to well-known universities such as Dalian University of Technology, Northeastern University, China Medical University, Liaoning University, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, and Dalian Maritime University, as well as several national-level research institutes. Liaoning has deep technological foundations in high-end equipment fields such as aero engines, gas turbines, and heavy machine tools, and enterprises such as Dalian Shipbuilding are renowned at home and abroad. In recent years, Liaoning has advanced intelligent manufacturing and digital transformation; innovation platforms in Shenyang and Dalian are accelerating the gathering of talent, and the old industrial base is taking on new vitality.

Economy

• Liaoning is an important industrial base and coastal economic province in China, with a regional GDP of 3,318.29 billion yuan in 2025. It has a strong foundation in heavy industries such as equipment manufacturing, steel, petrochemicals, and shipbuilding. Shenyang is known as the "Equipment Department of the Republic," while Dalian Port and Yingkou Port form key maritime gateways for Northeast China. In recent years, Liaoning has accelerated the transition between old and new growth drivers, with industries such as high-end equipment, new materials, biomedicine, and software and information thriving. Modern service sectors such as the ice and snow economy and coastal tourism have become new growth highlights.